The Significance of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle free essay sample

This paper portrays how the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle characterizes the national and phonetic history of the start of England. This paper looks at the substance of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as an essential verifiable hotspot for the formation of English and England. It shows how crafted by antiquarian Venerable Bede records England preceding the Chronicle and subtleties strict and social life in that period, while the Chronicle centers around the more extensive verifiable size of war. It additionally centers around the phonetic centrality of the Chronicle the principal significant bit of English exposition. From the paper: One of the most significant parts of The Angle-Saxon Chronicle is that it is the primary ceaseless national history of any western individuals in their own language. Recorded by a progression of ages of copyists, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle covers such in a general sense significant occasions throughout the entire existence of early England as the relocation of the Saxon war-masters, the aftereffects of the Romanization of Britain, the surge of the Vikings, the Norman Conquest and on the rule of Stephen. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Significance of The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page

BMW automobiles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

BMW cars - Essay Example Presentation: During the 1990’s BMW had figured out how to built up itself as one of the most productive car producer on the planet. Positioning just after the BIG 5 in the vehicle business for example General Motors ,Ford , DaimlerChrysler , Toyota and Volkswagen. Initially Aero-space motor maker the BMW had some way or another figure out how to situate itself among the top rich and up-to-date vehicle maker contending with the top vehicle makers on the planet. BMW by 2000 through its group and tastefulness made itself really what it asserted , ‘The extreme driving machine.’ A style symbol BMW had three brands working under the gathering name , BMW which was the last supporter of the deals of vehicle , MINI a revamp and modified form of the popular English style symbol and the Rolls Royce. In the mid of 90’s the BMW bunch procured the UK claimed Rover. This take over didn't demonstrate an effective one at all as it carried a ton of monetary harms to the gat hering alongside that maligning the substance of the gathering. Alongside this the size of the organization and scope of vehicles additionally turned into an issue. To handle this issue Rover was sold. Quandt family’ the significant investor of the gathering applied weight on the gathering to stop by 900million Euro worth of yearly misfortunes brought about by Rover. Therefore the CEO surrendered and a New CEO was designated. The new CEO confronted a predicament where danger of Quandt family discarding its offer will leave the gathering open for Acquisition however the gathering was reasonable in size in examination with Big 5. In 2002 Helmut Panke an atomic physicist took the post of CEO and chose to turn the wheels by picking forceful methodology in order to expand piece of the pie and become showcase pioneer. Components Effecting Market There were different variables affecting the car advertising causing the autmobile fabricates to make a move if methodologies. The economi es had been hit by downturn affecting purchasing intensity of clients. Thus they’ll go for less expensive alternatives. To remain in the market BMW needs to Reduce cost yet diminishing cost mean gaining less peripheral benefits which recently was very simple to procure. Ecological concerns: Global warming and ozone depleting substances are expanding step by step, BMW vehicles are on petroleum which is a supporter of green house gas. Geopolitical pressures: The war in the center east and the aggravation in the rich Arab world which would be high supporters of BMW deals all around. BMW bunch needs to search for approaches to make up for these deals. Fuel utilization and productivity: The war in the center east lead to variances and emotional increment in oil costs subsequently making the gas utilization uneconomical for most motors . Buys in the asian markets for autos expanded: The economy discouraged in the USA and European markets where BMW deals were high however an expansi on in deals in Asian nations was watched. Doormen 5 Forces Model 1) Competitive Rivalry The opposition would develop extreme as the attention will be on Asian markets with their previously being rivals there eg Honda, Toyota, Suzuki and so on Though they don’t coordinate BMW on the class and polish scale yet these creators are considerably less costly then BMW. 2) Power of providers There wont be no critical change however there will be more providers ready to arrange terms as creations have been eased back down or chopped down. 3) Power of purchasers The clients will turn out to be ground-breaking as not many of them will be purchasers

Ultimate Guide to Testing Mobile Applications

Ultimate Guide to Testing Mobile Applications Mobile applications are everywhere and most businesses seem to be developing one these days. But creating a mobile application isn’t simply about coming up with a great idea, coding the app and launching it to the world. Just like most other products, an app needs to be tested first. However, although mobile app testing is a crucial step, many businesses forget to conduct it properly. © Shutterstock | robuartSo why does app testing matter? This guide will explore the importance of testing, the key issues around mobile testing and the best practices for app testing. We’ll also help you to develop a mobile app testing strategy and give you a hand with what to do once testing is complete.WHY TESTING IS IMPORTANT?The smartphone boom is undoubtedly among the biggest revolutions of our time. Data suggests that almost 400,000 iPhones are sold every day across the globe. The number is currently higher than the amount of babies born each day.With the rise of smartphones came the emergence of mobile applications. According to International Data Corporation (IDC), around 182 billion mobile apps were downloaded in 2015, an  increase of 1,600% since 2010.The above stats clearly highlight the rise of mobile app usage and the importance of them for businesses. Consumer broadband connections in G-20 countries are already majority-mobile. People read their news, manage their fi nances and make their purchases increasingly on the phone. It’s important businesses understand how mobile apps are becoming crucial for reaching out and communicating with their customers.But it isn’t just about creating any type of app and walking away. Customers aren’t only using increasing amount of apps, they quickly ditch out the ones that don’t perform properly.A uTest guide on mobile app testing pointed to a study, which highlighted that 60% of mobile users are willing to stop using an app if it doesn’t load within three seconds. Furthermore, 43% of the group said they’d never come back to the app or site after this single bad experience.Moreover, your non-working app doesn’t just turn away these individual clients. The app platforms, such as iStore and Google Play, encourage user reviews of the apps and negative reviews can have a huge impact on your app’s attractiveness. Michael Croghan, Mobile Solutions Architect, told in the uTest guide that, “Anyone ca n read your app store rating. There’s no way to hide poor quality in the world of mobile.”Therefore, if you launch an app that doesn’t work appropriately, you risk:Losing customers, both directly (as they stop using the app) and indirectly (they recognize the bad reviews and avoid your app)Damaging your finances, either directly (if your app came with a fee) or indirectly (through purchases through the app)Hurting your business brand, loss of reputationRigorous mobile app testing can eliminate the risks. Furthermore, with a well-tested app, which directly answers a customer need, you can directly enjoy the opposite effect of the above. You can potentially build a better brand, attract more paying customers and thus increase your revenue stream. Hence, app testing can have a significant impact on your app quality and therefore improve your bottom-line.UNDERSTAND THE KEY ISSUES OF APP TESTINGBefore you begin testing your app, you first need to understand the main objectives of t esting. You know already why testing is important, but you must also understand what you are trying to achieve with testing.You should answer the following key issues relating to app testing:What platforms should the app work on?You need to define exactly the type of platforms your app is aimed to work on before you start testing. If your app works on multiple operating systems, such as iOS and Android, you need to test it on both. Even if the app works like a dream on the iPhone, it isn’t guaranteed to work smoothly on Android as well.Furthermore, you also need to understand how the app reacts to different devices supporting your chosen operating system. For example, does it work on both tablets and smartphones?What type of app am I using?There are essentially three types of applications:Native apps â€" these are designed directly for use on smartphones and tablets.Mobile web apps â€" these are server-side apps, which access websites or a specific site on the mobile device throug h a browser.Hybrid apps â€" these are apps combining elements of both native and mobile web apps. They can run on devices online and offline, but are written using web technologies.Understand your application type, as it can influence the different features you need to test. For instance, does your app rely on an internet connection to work? If it also works offline, does the performance change when its offline and online?What is the app designed to do?You should also keep in mind the ultimate objective of the app at all times during testing. Does it perform exactly what it is supposed to do?What are the common things that could go wrong?Before you start testing, you should also consider different aspects that might go wrong. Whilst testing is often about finding out what doesn’t work and what does as you develop the app, it’s much better to prepare yourself for certain issues beforehand.For instance, users might not always use the app in the way they should. How does your app r eact if the user uses the wrong format of inputting information? What if the user keeps the app open for an hour without using it? Does it crash?List these common and unconventional occurrences and keep an eye out for them during testing.What are the different testing mechanisms I should use?In order to test the app, you can use some of the following testing mechanisms:Emulators â€" a system, which runs software from one environment to another without interfering with the application software. Can easily duplicate real life scenarios. A great free emulator we love to use is Screenfly.Physical device testing â€" using the application directly on a desired device.Cloud computing based testing â€" runs multiple devices on multiple systems or networks online to allow the app testing and management.Network configuration testing â€" ensuring the app works on different networks, such as 3G and WiFi.Automated testing â€" there are other automation tools available, mainly for Android apps, w hich can help test complex scenarios and script regression.As the above showed, there are a number of ways to test your apps. Whatever option you choose, it’s advantageous to include real device testing into the strategy at some point. Once you have the finished product, it can provide you an honest assessment of how your app is working.Furthermore, you should emphasize manual testing in your strategy. Manual testing can open your eyes to the feel of the app more and help pay attention to certain aspects (such as the look of the app) automated testing simply doesn’t cover.When you are conducting testing with the above methods, its important to focus on battery consumption and app robustness. These are at the core of user experience and by ensuring the app is as battery-friendly as possible, you enhance its attractiveness.Should I do the testing on my own or hire someone else to do it?Finally, you have two options for mobile app testing: you can either do it in-house or outsource it to someone else (whether or not you created the app). Think carefully whether you have the understanding and the resources to conduct rigorous testing in-house.If you aren’t confident about testing it or you want a truly unbiased tester, hiring a mobile testing company is an option to consider. Plenty of independent mobile testers and organizations can provide you different levels of testing assistance.APP TESTING BEST PRACTICESWe’ve already touched on a number of best practices in terms of the devices and testing methods you can use. But there are plenty of other app testing best practices you want to include in your process. App testing comes with challenges and overcoming these is easier if you implement the following points in your testing strategy.Implement a formal testing strategyFirst, you need to draw up a formal testing strategy. A solid strategy will help streamline the process and ensure you conduct testing speedily. Define the guidelines for testing using the ab ove questions, as well as the other best practices mentioned in this guide.Start testing immediatelyMobile app testing shouldn’t be an afterthought you have after you’ve built the app. The longer you wait, the more the likelihood of bugs and defects grows. It’s much easier to test the app at the initial development stages and fix bugs as you find them. Regular testing will save you time and money in the later stages.Aim for a global appSince apps can be used all around the world with relative ease, you want to stress the local aspect of the app. Depending on your app, you should for example consider including different language and currency options to ensure users enjoy a more personalized experience.There might be certain exceptions; if your business were purely a local company, your app probably wouldn’t receive users from outside of your business area.HOW TO CREATE A TESTING STRATEGY FOR MOBILE APPS?A formal testing strategy is crucial for achieving success with mobile ap p testing. The information above will definitely guide you in understanding the key focus points of this strategy, but here’s a closer look at the steps you should take.Narrow down the devices the app will useMobile devices present the most obvious challenge to mobile testing. There are countless devices out there consumers could use to access your app and ensuring your app works on all of them can be difficult.Even though your app might run on a single platform (such as iOS or Android), the number of devices will still be high for guaranteeing specific device testing. This is especially the case with the Android operating system. Remember there are different versions of an operating system and you should decide which operating system versions the app is supposed to work on.In order to handle the device challenge, you can consider using one of the three strategies:Only test using real devicesOnly test using emulated devicesUsing a combination of the aboveAs we’ve mentioned befor e, you want the emphasis to be on real devices and manual testing. It would be propitious to focus first on some of the main devices in your category. For example, find out the most sold and used mobile devices that use Android, check which operating system version is currently popular and begin testing. For the devices, which are not as popular, you can use emulated devices as the main testing method.But you are probably wondering how you’ll be able to test using real devices, as you are unlikely to have all the Samsung models and the like in your drawers. Testing with real devices can be quite a costly practice. But it is possible to draw up contracts with manufacturers and network operators to lease devices. You could also consider outsourcing the testing process or include real users, with the desired devices, to your testing group.The key feature to focus on with real device testing, is to ensure your device selection focuses on these points:Testing on devices running differe nt stable versions of the operating system.Testing on devices with a varying screen resolution. Don’t buy/rent real devices, which are all the same screen size.Test on different networks as well, together with different connection speeds.Select the emulator you want to useAlthough real device testing should be a priority, you will want to use emulators, especially at the start the of development process. Testing an unfinished piece of code can be much more effective in an emulated environment. Furthermore, it is likely you’ll need to consider the cost of acquiring real devices and the use of emulators can help lower some of the testing and development costs.The available mobile emulators are:Device emulators â€" provided by device manufacturersBrowser emulators â€" these simulate the browser environment, especially important for browser-based appsOperating system emulators â€" provided by operating system providers: Apple has emulators for iPhones, Google for Android phones and Microsoft for Windows phones Find a balance between automated and manual testingWe’ve also mentioned briefly the importance of emphasizing manual testing above automation. But you’ll still want to include automated testing in your strategy, as there are certain benefits to it.For example, continuous and repeated testing is more cost-efficient when using automated testing methods. On the other hand, any new functionality should be tested manually, especially at the start of the development process.Identify the required types of testingThe technical aspects of testing can be examined using nine different testing types. Depending on your app, certain types can be more important than others. It is important to identify the key types and perform testing with each group in mind, whatever the priority may be.Usability testingUsability testing is required to guarantee the app is easy to use. The main objective is about creating an enjoyable user experience. In usability testing, the foc us should be on how it feels to use the app. You should focus on features such as the interface and the operating manual. Since the focus is on user experience, human beings should conduct usability testing.Compatibility testingThis involves testing the app on the different devices and operating systems. You are examining the app’s performance on a variety of devices, browsers and operating system versions.Pay extra attention to the interface in terms of different screen sizes and resolutions. Furthermore, ensure the phone’s other functions aren’t affected by the app. For example, you need the phone to still alert to calls and texts.Interface testingWhilst you should pay close attention to interface testing during usability testing, the latter is more aimed at understanding the user experience. Interface testing, on the other hand, should pay more attention to the technological aspects, such as whether the menu options and buttons work as they are supposed to.Services testingI n services testing the focus is on ensuring the application works appropriately in both online and offline environments. This naturally might not be as important for online-only applications.Low-level resource testingIt’s important to test the app in imperfect circumstances and identify the downsides of the app. This means checking how the app performs in a low battery and in a low memory environment. Test traits such as partial deletion of temporary files and what happens when the local database grows.Performance testingPerformance testing is among the core testing functions. It deals with the performance of the app in relation to elements such as:Network connection (2G, 3G, 4G, Wifi)Document sharing (downloading, Bluetooth usage, sharing on social media)Battery consumption (drainage during use and on the background)Local network use (if the app connects into a cloud, for example, what happens when user numbers grow)Operational testingApplication testing also needs to determine w hat happens when stuff goes wrong. This would include understanding how the backup system operates and if it operates correctly in unusual circumstances, such as battery running out.You also need to pay attention to possible data loss. This is especially important in instances of initial download and future updating procedures.Installation testingYou’ll also need to run a number of installation tests. During this type of testing, you are only focused on monitoring the behavior of the app during installation, as well as uninstallation.Security testingFinally, an app testing strategy should pay extra attention to security testing. You need to validate the app’s data protection capabilities. You must conduct attacks on the app to monitor its ability to withstand hacking, as well as ensure the software doesn’t include any obvious security flaws.NEXT STEPS AFTER APP TESTINGOnce you’re done with testing, you’ll need to follow three important steps. While the testing process can take quite a while (anything from a few weeks to a few months), there’s plenty to do after you’re finished.The first step is to document your results. You should keep records during testing, so you can create a full report on the test results afterwards. If you aren’t conducting your own testing, then ensure the testing company will provide you with a detailed report.The report should include detailed information such as:What was being testedHow the testing was conducted (for example, distinguishing between manual and automated testing)What were the findings of the tests (what worked, what didn’t)Recommendations on improvementsOnce you receive the report, read it carefully and improve the app according to the recommendations. You should debug any problems that were present, as well as improve the user experience.The final step involves testing the improved app. Don’t simply test the errors or the issues you changed, but undergo the testing strategy as a whole. Once you’v e done testing, you’ll repeat these steps until you are confident about launching the app into the real world.

Research Paper on Euthanasia - 2709 Words

Research Paper on Euthanasia Paper Presented to Professor TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Eight Arguments to Consider†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 The Right to Die†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 Patient Suffering†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3 Slippery Slope to Legalized Murder†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..4 Hippocratic Oath and Prohibition of Killing†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 Government Involvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..5 Palliative Care†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 Healthcare Spending Implications†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.7 Value of Life†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..7 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8 Works Cited†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..9 EUTHANASIA - The Right to Choose or a Slippery Slope†¦show more content†¦A states categorical ban on physician assistance to suicide -- as applied to competent, terminally ill patients who wish to avoid unendurable pain and hasten inevitable death -- substantially interferes with this protected liberty interest and cannot be sustained. - ACLU [3] On the other hand is someone who is in the situation of confronting a terminal illness or who has been in unbearable pain for a protracted period of time able to make such a decision. Everyone has been in pain in their life and thought about what it would be like to face a life threatening illness, but they are thinking about it when they are not in that situation. With this calm state of mind one could more rationally make a life and death decision, but once in those circumstances would anyone be clear enough to decide to end their life? Patient Suffering Pro Euthanasia advocates believe that nobody should have to suffer long, painful, and hopeless circumstances if they don’t want to. Why should the state be allowed to keep someone alive who is in pain and has no hope of recovery? People in a persistent vegetative state, and people who have a terminal illness all deal with a life of intense pain, decreased quality of life, a sense of hopelessness. If they can choose to die and there is no hope of a meaningful recovery why should they not be allowed to end that suffering, why does a government have the right to stop them andShow MoreRelatedEuthanasia Research Paper1614 Words   |  7 PagesMarilyn Viruet Euthanasia Would one rather save a life, or save themselves? Can someone’s life be that bad that they would ask someone to help end it? Euthanasia is an act that happens rarely. Nearly 1 in 5 doctors who care for seriously ill and people reported that they had been asked, on one or more occasions, for assistance in speeding a patients death, either by writing prescriptions for lethal drugs or delivering a lethal injection. (http://www.nytimes.com) Euthanasia is the terminationRead MoreActive Euthanasia Pros and Cons Essay1640 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Euthanasia is a long debated topic, going back for decades in our country alone. Both sides of the topic have valid points morally and ethically. The Netherlands have had euthanasia laws in effect since 1973. America has very few states with legislation on the books: Oregon enacted in 1997, Washington 2008. Germany experimented with Active Euthanasia in the 1930’s, resulting in one of the most horrendous genocides in the past millennium. No where else do we have a cohort more at riskRead MoreEuthanasia Is An Action With A Medical Profession1525 Words   |  7 PagesEuthanasia is an action with a medical profession’s help to finish a patient’s life with the patient’s requirement (D, np). In many people’s mind, euthanasia gives them a picture of patients struggling miserably at the edge of death (E, np). It is a controversial topic through centuries. A lot of people support it because they consider it is a useful treatment to those patients suffer ing from physically and mentally. Meanwhile, same amount of people try to find negative impacts of it to againstRead MoreEuthanasi The Controversial Issue Of Euthanasia1650 Words   |  7 PagesQualitative Research Proposal What do 18-25 year old Adelaide students think about legalising voluntary euthanasia in Australia? Introduction The purpose of this research is to seeking and analysing the opinions about legalising voluntary euthanasia within Adelaide students (aged 18-25 years old). With recent changes to legalisation of child euthanasia in Belgium, the controversial issue of euthanasia is currently being re-spotlighted all over the world. Ongoing active discussion on the legalisationRead More Euthanasia Essay example1344 Words   |  6 Pages Euthanasia, also known as mercy killing is a practice of ending a life to release an individual from an incurable disease or intolerable suffering. Euthanasia has been accepted both legally and morally in various forms in many societies but not in all. â€Å"In ancient Greece and Rome it was permissible in some situations to help others die. For example, the Greek writer Plutarch mentioned that in Sparta infanticide was practiced on children who lacked quot;health and vigor.quot; Both Socrates andRead MoreEuthanasi A Way Out Of Suffering1742 Words   |  7 Pages Euthanasia; A Way Out Of Suffering Chelsey L. Isner Weir High School Mrs. Lengthorn Mrs. Pellegrino  Abstract Human euthanization is not something new, but it is widely believed to be unethical. In reality, human euthanization is a painless solution to a terminal illness. The topic of this paper is how euthanization for humans is not a bad thing. During the writing process questions were asked about how religion views euthanasia, if it would be used for suicidal purposes, If Belgium’s lawRead MoreIs Euthanasia A Lethal Injection?1269 Words   |  6 Pagesto death, veterinarians will inform the owner on options of euthanasia or â€Å"putting the pet to sleep.† While the owner officially has to make the decision of putting the pet out of it’s pain or misery with a lethal injection. In the case of humans, rather than animals, whether or not a lethal injection should be given is a highly argued ethical and economical matter. In this paper, peoples’ cultures and how they affect the view of euthanasia, will be discussed along with the cost of medical proceduresRead Mor eMy Portfolio Is A Reflection Of The Two Best864 Words   |  4 PagesPossibilities,† and my Research-based Academic Argument (RBAA), â€Å"Euthanasia.† These two essays are my best work, and were both improvements from the first essay that I completed for this class. With many hours being put into both of these papers, I worked hard to stay organized and have good research, both things that I previously had problems with. My writing skills have become much stronger in persuasive and logical writing, thanks to this class, along with my ability to find strong research for my essaysRead MoreEuthanasia - Arguments For And Against Euthanasia Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesEnd of life - Euthanasia - Arguments for and against euthanasia. (2006, April 1). Retrieved November 6, 2015. This article sets out the most vital and most recurrently adduced arguments for and against euthanasia. Each subdivision takes as its root, one aspect of the discussion. For example, autonomy and the inviolability of life, designating how it is probable to argue both for and against euthanasia, correspondingly, on the basis of the identical facet. It suggests â€Å"The account will include suchRead MoreThe Controversial Topic of Euthanasia975 Words   |  4 PagesEuthanasia is a controversial topic throughout today’s society. As euthanasia is illegal in America, Singer fights for the legalization of voluntary euthanasia, which means the patients make voluntary request to be assisted to die. While religious views value that the life cannot be taken away so easily, Singer focuses on the human rights that enable their choices to die or not to die. However, I do not agree with singer’s respect for autonomy on the issue of voluntary euthanasia because this issue

Bipolar Disorder A Concise Review - 3296 Words

Molecular Mechanisms implicated in Bipolar Disorder: A concise Review Neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder: A concise Review Mutahar Andrabia, Muatar Maknoon Andrabi, Remesh Kunjunnia, Sandeep Sathianathana, Mukesh Kumar Sriwastvaa, Rajesh Sagarb, Rashmi Mathurc, Vivekanandhan Subbiaha* a Deptt. Of Neurobiochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 b Deptt. Of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 c Deptt. Of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, India, New Delhi-29 †¢ Mutahar Andrabi (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: mutahar.andrabi@gmail.com †¢ Remesh Kunjunni (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: remeshmarangad@gmail.com †¢ Sandeep Sathianathan (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: mailstosandeep@gmail.com †¢ Mukesh Kumar Sriwastva (PhD student, Neuro Biochemistry) Email: sriwastva.mukesh6@gmail.com †¢ Rajesh Sagar (MD) Email: rsagar29@gmail.com †¢ Rashmi Mathur Email: mathurashmi@yahoo.co.in †¢ Corresponding Author* Vivekanandhan Subbiah, PhD Email: svivek_aiims@yahoo.com (Corresponding Author) Key words: Bipolar Disorder, epinephrine, serotonin, dopamine, circadian system, BDNF. Bipolar disorder is a serious and devastating mental disorder. Suicidal ideation and comorbid conditions further worsen the outcome and prognosis. Abnormalities in monoaminergic pathways and signaling networks have been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of disorder. 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Political Forces in the Glass Ceiling Free Essays

Despite all of the political forces on the side of women who attempt to break through the glass ceiling, limited progress has been made. Numerous studies lament the virtual absence of women in the elite tier of corporate positions: chief executive officer, chairman, president, and executive vice president. Unfair employment practices strengthen the glass ceiling and hinder the advancement of women in the workplace. We will write a custom essay sample on Political Forces in the Glass Ceiling or any similar topic only for you Order Now These practices include sexual harassment, sexual discrimination, and pregnancy discrimination. Although activists have succeeded in getting stronger laws passed, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1991, true progress eliminating the glass ceiling must be based on private sector initiatives. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 gives women considerable more clout in their defense against discrimination than did the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination against women who successfully filed suit against their employers for unfair practices. The Act also states that these women can only receive back pay and reinstatement in their old jobs. However, the 1991 Civil Rights Act, incorporated previous laws while also easing the burden on employees suing to prove job discrimination. Within the new law, a successful litigant can collect monetary damages, as well as, request a jury trial, sue in conjunction with others who have received similar unfair treatment in the workplace, and request the courts to judge the case based on the reasonable woman standard as opposed to the reasonable man. The 1991 Act also places the burden of proof on the employer, rather than the employee. â€Å"Indeed, the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and other recent court decisions have given women new clout in the workplace† (Morris 61). An example of this clout is the intense publicity surrounding the Anita Hill v. Clarence Thomas hearing. Hill, a black law professor at the University of Oklahoma, electrified the nation when she charged that Clarence Thomas, then a Supreme Court nominee, had sexually harassed her when she worked for him in the early 1980s. Hill testified before the all-male Senate Judiciary Committee about her discomfort when Thomas insisted on describing pornographic movies and made sexual advances. An all-white and all-male Senate sought to discredit Hill, some of who accused her of lying or being delusional, but her testimony elicited nationwide support. The Senate confirmed Thomas† actions were inappropriate, but Hill†s testimony was almost entirely disregarded. The hearing angered women, especially those who had suffered similar experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace, and it also empowered many others to come forward with similar allegations. â€Å"The furor that ensued was just the fuel need to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1991† (Stith 187). In recent litigation, women have begun testing the extent of their employment rights beyond the rights guaranteed to them in the Civil Rights Acts. An example of this is a group of eight women employees of the Stroh Brewery Company in Detroit. These women charged that their employer had created a working environment that was hostile to women. As part of their allegation, they pointed to sexually offensive commercials that Stroh†s aired featuring the Swedish bikini team, scantily clad young women with large breasts. The Stroh plaintiffs contended that the ads were proof that the company sanctions sexism. â€Å"The company has defended its ads as simple entertainment protected by the First Amendment†s guarantee of free speech† (Vilanch 7). The plaintiffs in the Stroh case won their lawsuit and created a landmark decision for challenges of this type, particularly due to the fact the courts must now decide based on the reasonable woman. Although the presence of strong laws is powerful ammunition to fight to eliminate discrimination in the workplace, litigation is not the most effective solution to the problem. Women who experience workplace discrimination are often reluctant to file official complaints for a variety of reasons including; feelings of inadequacy, fear of reprisal, and fear of being labeled troublemakers. Some women also fear retaliation from their employers as well. In regard to the latter, other women simply do not have the money to carry out a lawsuit that may take years to settle or reach court. In sexual harassment lawsuits, the prospect of going to trial is enough to scare off many women, particularly once they realize how vulnerable their credibility is in legal matters concerning sexual activity. â€Å"Many labor experts believe women are held back from jobs because of subtle sexual harassment. Only the concerted efforts of enlightened companies, not litigation, can eradicate this form of injustice† (Morrison 15). One enlightened company, Du Pont, has made efforts to help women managers overcome the glass ceiling. Du Pont has established a staff position to focus on advancing the careers of promising women and minorities. â€Å"If a division is looking for the manager of affirmative action and upward mobility then Du Pont is the example to follow† (Gallagher 88). Such a staff position is needed to provide support, counseling, and advocacy for women who find their career advancement has stalled due to subtle discrimination. Despite the efforts of some companies, gender diversity is still sorely lacking in Corporate America. A recent study revealed that of America†s 500 largest companies, women held only 10 percent of the top executive positions. â€Å"For all the bravado of the past decade, women in most organizations are not much further along. The glass ceiling has not shattered† (Himelstein 64). Although some companies are diversifying their executive workforces, most companies prefer to initiate these diversity efforts on their own, rather than being forced into it by legislative quotas or affirmative action. For example, Coopers and Lybrand, whose all-male corporate management committee was confronted by its female employees last year, regarding the absence of women in management, preferred to resolve the situation themselves. At issue, was the fact that women only accounted for 8 percent of the firms† 1,300 partners and only 3 percent of the firm†s 70 regional managers. The confrontation which occurred during a management meeting where it was revealed that gender myths about women†s performance as managers still persisted. For instance, the male partners assumed that the women were reluctant to engage in business travel and informal business gatherings. As a result of the confrontation, Coopers and Lybrand initiated programs to address diversity issues. These programs included mentoring and formal training. â€Å"Coopers and Lybrand proclaimed that 30 percent of their new partners by the year 2000 would be women, up from 17 percent in 1999† (Glover 16). Eliminating the glass ceiling requires zealous planning efforts by corporations that are committed to diversity. The first step involves setting goals. â€Å"A few companies are achieving success in the battle to get women into the executive suit. They have backed sound strategies with effort, money, and long term commitment† (Weiss 191). Various companies base their goals on census data, desiring their workforce to reflect the gender demographics of the surround region, while other companies eschew quotas and internal goals, but seek the same results, increased diversity. Diversity goals can help but women into the pipeline through the hiring process. The presence of women in senior positions tends to attract women who hold similar aspirations. Once employed, women must receive the training that will allow them to move into the corporate ranks. For example, Colgate-Palmolive favors fast tracking its employees through cross training. Cross training exposes the employee to a variety of functions within the organization; the broad base of knowledge acquired is critical to success as a future manager. The efforts that corporations are putting into diversifying their workforces is bearing fruit. An example is J.C. Pennys, which initiated a drive in 1988 to fill 1,000 management positions (created by the relocation of company headquarters) with qualified women. After setting numerical goals and establishing formal networking and mentoring programs. â€Å"Pennys was able to increase its percentage of senior managers who are women from less than 12 percent in 1990 to more than 35 percent by 1997† (WIBC 103). The glass ceiling that prevents women from advancing to top positions will only be shattered by the combined efforts of political activists and the private sector. Strong legislation provides women with the power they need to litigate unfair employment practices. Private sector initiatives help create a climate that is supportive for women to develop their skills and make it to the top. Women have made key victories, both in the political arena and in Corporate America. Thousands of women managers are in the pipeline and on the right track to assume their rightful places in the ranks of corporate executives. If current efforts bear fruit, the glass ceiling will no longer be a limiting factor for women of the 21st century. How to cite Political Forces in the Glass Ceiling, Essay examples

Roman Law Essays - Roman Law, Iulii, Julio-Claudian Dynasty

Roman Law Introduction Roman Law was the law that was in effect throughout the age of antiquity in the City of Rome and later in the Roman Empire. When Roman rule over Europe came to an end, Roman law was largely--though not completely--forgotten. (Ancient Rome, Compton's 96) The earliest code of Roman Law was the Law of the Twelve Tables. It was formalized in 451-450BC from existing oral law by ten magistrates, called decemvirs, and inscribed on tablets of bronze, which were posted in the principal Roman Forum. According to tradition, the code was drawn up to appease the plebs, who maintained that their liberties were not adequately protected by the unwritten law as interpreted by patrician judges. (Ancient Rome, Compton's 96) Originally ten tablets of laws were inscribed; two more tablets were added the following year. The tablets were destroyed in the sack of Rome by the Gauls in 390BC, but a number of the laws are known through references in later Latin literature. The Twelve Tables covered all categories of the law and also included specific penalties for various infractions. The code underwent frequent changes but remained in effect for almost 1000 years. In the 6th century a commission appointed by the Roman emperor Justinian consolidated all the sources of law, resulting in the Corpus Juris Civilis (Body of Civil Law). The Corpus Juris had no immediate effect in Western Europe, but in the second half of the 11th century it was rediscovered in Italy. The study of law based on the Corpus Juris was instituted at European universities, and the Corpus Juris became an important part of Continental law. (Ancient Rome, Compton's 96) Combined with canon law and the customs of merchants, they formed a body of law known throughout continental Europe. During the 17th and 18th centuries the authority of the Corpus Juris began to decline as it was reexamined. The stage was set for the codification of modern civil law. In the 19th century most civil-law countries codified the bulk of their legal statutes. The Early Law Prior to the Twelve Tables, the law of Rome was religious in character, and its interpretation rested with priests, who were members of the patrician class. Complaints and agitation by the plebs, the common people, led to the reduction to writing of the existing legal customs and the addition of new principles unknown in the customary law. The Law of the Twelve Tables thus drafted was submitted to and accepted by the popular assembly. This code set forth simple rules suitable for an agricultural community; it established equal law for patricians and plebs and was prized by the Romans as the source of all public and private law. The legal system established under this code, and the body of rules that developed around it, applied exclusively to Roman citizens and was known as the jus civile. (Ancient Rome, Compton's 96) The laws of the Twelve Tables are one of the earliest extant law codes. Covering both civil and criminal matters, it is commonly believed that these laws served to codify existing custom. They provide not only a valuable insight into Roman law, but into Roman culture as well. Here are some excerpts taken from the translated version. Quickly kill ... a dreadfully deformed child. If a father thrice surrender a son for sale, the son shall be free from the father. A child born ten months after the father's death will not be admitted into a legal inheritance. Females shall remain in guardianship even when they have attained their majority ... except Vestal Virgins. A spendthrift is forbidden to exercise administration over his own goods. Persons shall mend roadways. If they do not keep them laid with stone, a person shall drive his beasts where he wishes. It is permitted to gather fruit falling down on another man's farm. If any person has sung or composed against another person a song such as was causing slander or insult to another, he shall be clubbed to death. If a person has maimed another's limb, let there be retaliation in kind unless he makes agreement for settlement with him. Intermarriage shall not take place between plebeians and patricians. (Touregypt.net) Effects of Roman Rule Conquest over the Mediterranean basin compelled the Romans to work